Canzawa Siffofin Node tare da NVM

Amfani Na Asali

NVM yana ba da umarni masu sauƙi amma masu ƙarfi don canzawa tsakanin siffofi daban-daban na Node.js. Umarni mafi mahimmanci shine nvm use, wanda ke ba ku damar kunna sigar Node.js da aka shigar.

Dubawa Siffofin Node Da Ake Samu

Kafin canzawa, kuna iya amfani da umarnin nvm ls don ganin wadanne siffofin Node.js da aka shigar.

nvm ls

Hanyoyi Daban-Daban Na Canzawa Siffofi

Amfani Da Cikakken Lambobin Siffar

Kuna iya ƙayyade cikakken lambar sigar:

Misali, don amfani da Node.js v24.0.2:

$ nvm use 24.0.2
Yanzu ana amfani da node v24.0.2 (64-bit)

Amfani Da Manyan Lambobin Siffar

Kawai ƙayyade manyan lambar sigar, kuma NVM zai yi amfani da mafi kyawun sigar da aka shigar na wannan manyan sigar:

$ nvm use 14
Ana amfani da node v14.17.6 (npm v6.14.15)

Amfani Da Aliases

NVM yana da aliases na musamman da yawa na ciki:

# Yi amfani da mafi kyawun sigar kwanciyar hankali
$ nvm use node
Yanzu ana amfani da node v16.14.0 (npm v8.3.1)

# Yi amfani da mafi kyawun sigar LTS
$ nvm use lts/*
Yanzu ana amfani da node v16.13.2 (npm v8.1.2)

# Yi amfani da sigar LTS ta musamman
$ nvm use lts/gallium
Yanzu ana amfani da node v16.13.2 (npm v8.1.2)

Ƙayyade Gine-Gine (Windows Kawai)

A kan tsarin Windows, kuna iya ƙayyade ko za a yi amfani da sigar 32-bit ko 64-bit:

$ nvm use 14.17.0 32
$ nvm use 16.14.0 64

Canzawa Siffar Kai Tsaye tare da Fayilolin .nvmrc

Ƙirƙiri fayil mai suna .nvmrc a cikin gundumar tushe na aikin ku tare da lambar sigar Node.js a matsayin abun cikinsa. Sa'an nan, kawai gudanar da umarnin nvm use (ba tare da hujjoji ba), kuma NVM zai karanta sigar daga fayil ɗin .nvmrc kuma zai canza zuwa wannan sigar kai tsaye.

1. Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin .nvmrc:

$ echo "16.14.0" > .nvmrc

2. Gudanar a cikin gundumar aiki:

$ nvm use
An samu '/path/to/project/.nvmrc' tare da sigar <16.14.0>
Yanzu ana amfani da node v16.14.0 (npm v8.3.1)

Misalan abun cikin fayil ɗin .nvmrc:

• 16.14.0 - Cikakken sigar
• 16 - Mafi kyawun sigar manyan sigar
• lts/* - Mafi kyawun sigar LTS
• node - Mafi kyawun sigar Node.js

Saita Siffar Node.js Na Tsohuwa

Kuna iya saita sigar Node.js na tsohuwa wacce za a yi amfani da ita kai tsaye kowane lokaci da kuka buɗe sabon tasha:

$ nvm alias default 16.14.0
default -> 16.14.0 (-> v16.14.0)

Ta wannan hanyar, ko da ba ku gudanar da umarnin nvm use ba, za a yi amfani da sigar da aka ƙayyade a matsayin tsohuwa.

Abubuwan Da Ake La'akari Lokacin Canzawa Siffofi

Sarrafa Fakitoci Na Duniya

Lokacin canzawa siffofin Node.js, fakitoci da aka shigar na duniya ba sa ƙaura kai tsaye. Kowace sigar Node.js tana da nasa jerin fakitoci na duniya daban.

Idan kuna son kwafi duk fakitoci na duniya daga sigar ɗaya zuwa wata, kuna iya amfani da:

# Kwafi fakitoci na duniya daga v14.17.0 zuwa v16.14.0
$ nvm install 16.14.0 --reinstall-packages-from=14.17.0

Amfani Da Wata Siffar Na Wucin Gadi

Idan kuna son kawai gudanar da umarni tare da sigar Node.js daban ba tare da canzawa sigar zaman yanzu ba, kuna iya amfani da nvm run:

$ nvm run 14.17.0 app.js

Dubawa Siffar Yanzu

Don duba wacce sigar Node.js ake amfani da ita a yanzu:

$ nvm current
v16.14.0

Matsaloli Na Gama Gari Da Magani

Masu Canza Yanayi Sun ɓace Bayan Canzawa

Matsala: Bayan canzawa siffofi, masu canza yanayi da aka saita a baya kamar NODE_PATH na iya ɓacewa. Magani: Ƙara saitunan masu canza yanayi zuwa fayil ɗin .bashrc ko .zshrc naku.

Canzawa Siffar Kai Tsaye

Idan kuna son canzawa kai tsaye zuwa sigar Node.js da aka ƙayyade a cikin fayil ɗin .nvmrc lokacin shiga gundumar aiki, kuna iya ƙara waɗannan zuwa .bashrc ko .zshrc naku:

Don Bash:

cdnvm() {
    command cd "$@" || return $?
    nvm_path="$(nvm_find_up .nvmrc | tr -d '\n')"
    
    if [ -e "$nvm_path/.nvmrc" ]; then
        declare default_version;
        default_version="$(nvm version default)"
        
        declare nvmrc_version;
        nvmrc_version="$(nvm version "$(cat "$nvm_path/.nvmrc")")"
        
        if [ "$nvmrc_version" = "N/A" ]; then
            echo "Warning: $(cat "$nvm_path/.nvmrc") version not installed"
        elif [ "$nvmrc_version" != "$default_version" ]; then
            nvm use > /dev/null
        fi
    fi
}
alias cd='cdnvm'

Don Zsh:

autoload -U add-zsh-hook
load-nvmrc() {
  local nvmrc_path="$(nvm_find_nvmrc)"

  if [ -n "$nvmrc_path" ]; then
    local nvmrc_node_version=$(nvm version "$(cat "${nvmrc_path}")")

    if [ "$nvmrc_node_version" = "N/A" ]; then
      nvm install
    elif [ "$nvmrc_node_version" != "$(nvm version)" ]; then
      nvm use
    fi
  elif [ -n "$(PWD=$OLDPWD nvm_find_nvmrc)" ] && [ "$(nvm version)" != "$(nvm version default)" ]; then
    echo "Reverting to nvm default version"
    nvm use default
  fi
}
add-zsh-hook chpwd load-nvmrc
load-nvmrc

Mafi Kyawun Ayyuka

1. Ƙirƙiri fayil ɗin .nvmrc don kowane aiki: Yana tabbatar da membobin ƙungiyar suna amfani da sigar Node.js ɗaya
2. Sabunta akai-akai zuwa siffofin LTS: Siffofin LTS sun fi kwanciyar hankali kuma sun dace da yanayin samarwa
3. Yi amfani da sigar sigar ma'ana: Ƙayyade cikakkun siffofi a cikin fayilolin .nvmrc don gujewa matsalolin dacewa
4. Saita sigar tsohuwa mai dacewa: Saita sigar Node.js na tsohuwa don haɓakawa na yau da kullum

Hujjojin Umarnin nvm use

Hujja	Bayani
<version>	Yana ƙayyade sigar Node.js don amfani
node	Yana amfani da mafi kyawun sigar Node.js
lts/*	Yana amfani da mafi kyawun sigar tallafin dogon lokaci
lts/<name>	Yana amfani da sigar tallafin dogon lokaci ta musamman
<version> <architecture>	(Windows kawai) Yana ƙayyade ko za a yi amfani da sigar 32 ko 64-bit

Tare da waɗannan hanyoyin, kuna iya canzawa cikin sauƙi tsakanin siffofi daban-daban na Node.js don biyan buƙatun haɓakawa na ayyuka daban-daban.